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喀喀叫 - 修訂紀錄
2026-05-08T00:34:17Z
本 wiki 上此頁面的修訂紀錄
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TaiwanTonguesApiRobot：從 JSON 檔案批量匯入
2025-08-22T13:53:48Z
<p>從 JSON 檔案批量匯入</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">←上個修訂</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">於 2025年8月22日 (五) 21:53 的修訂</td>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第1行：</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''喀喀叫'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">（英語：furan）， </del><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">化學用名'''氧雜茂'''抑是講一'''倒彈'''（</del>英<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">語：Oxole）， </del>是一種含<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">有</del>一个由四个碳原子佮一个氧原子的五箍<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">芳</del>環<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">的雜環有機物</del>。<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">有彎曲</del>的<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">化合物即為著稻</del>喃<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">的同系</del>物<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">。喈</del>是<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">一種</del>無<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">色的、可燃、𠢕發液體，君滾點接近佇咧室溫。寢頭有毒性而且為著二 B 類可能致癌的物質。伊定定合成其他複雜有機物的起始原料。歪膏性質佮苯相𫝛，會當由松木蒸餾得著，可以多種定定看著的有機溶劑，包括丙酮、醇、ua-sá-bih，微溶佇水。為濟種重要的工業化學品佮藥物的前驅體，若準定予人做溶劑使用的四氫喃</del>。</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''喀喀叫'''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">( </ins>英<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">文：Furanose ) </ins>是一種<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">糖，用佇總稱碳水化合物所具有的化學結構，其中包</ins>含一个由四个碳原子佮一个氧原子<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">所組成</ins>的五箍環<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">狀結構</ins>。<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">寢頭是孵</ins>的喃<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">生</ins>物<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">，但</ins>是<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">鴟鴞環</ins>無<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">雙鍵</ins>。</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">歷史</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">結構</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">「 喀喀叫」</del>的<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">英文單詞 _ furan _ 來自拉丁文單詞 _ furfur _，米糠。頭</del>一个<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">予人發現</del>的<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">歪屎生物</del>是<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">卡爾 ・ 威廉 ・ 舍勒佇</del>一<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">七八空年發現</del>的<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">二-糠酸。另外一種重要衍生物糠，由德貝萊納佇一八三一年報導。搤搤講本身是佇一八七空年予德國化學家製備成功</del>。</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">學著</ins>的<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">是</ins>一个<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">戊鷹鷹</ins>的<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">環狀半縮縮抑</ins>是一<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">个己酮羞</ins>的<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">環狀半縮酮</ins>。</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==生產==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">暝尾溜嗹環的結構是由四个碳原子佮一个氧原子佮佇氧正爿的異頭碳所構成。上懸編號的手性碳 ( 通常會佇哈沃斯投影式內底氧的倒爿 ) 會當確定結構敢有確定 d-組態抑是 L-組態。佇一个 L-組態的孵牌中，上懸編號手性碳的取代基佇平面以外有向下的傾向；啊若佇一个 D-組態的孵牌中，最高編號手性碳是會向。</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">工業生產隱痀</del>會<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">當由糠抹佇咧隱仔的催化作用落去摃基甲，</del>抑是<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">佇氯化銅水溶液催化下將一 , </del><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">三-丁二烯氧化 :</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">歪膏環</ins>會<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">有 α 構型</ins>抑是 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">β </ins><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">構型</ins>，<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">就是愛看</ins>頭<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">人基團的方向。佇一个 D</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">組態的孵牌中</ins>，<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">抹基團下跤</ins>會是 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">α </ins><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">構型；枋基團往</ins>上<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">會</ins>是 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">β </ins><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">構型</ins>，<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">這和 L</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">組態</ins>的<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">孵牌牌拄</ins>好<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">是倒反</ins>的。<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">通常情況下</ins>，<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">異頭碳會佇咧溶液</ins>中發<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">生變旋</ins>，<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">產生一種 </ins><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">α</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">β </ins>構<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">型</ins>的<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">平衡</ins>混合物。</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">實驗室內底</del>，<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">製取鼻芳會當先共踅頭氧化做寢</del>頭-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">二-甲酸</del>，<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">著之脫脫。伊嘛</del>會<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">使由戊糖的熱分解得著，原仔包括固體纖維素，尤其</del>是<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">松木。</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">寢頭的經典合成線路是 Feist–Bénary </del><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">合成。啊若</del>上<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">簡單的合成法之一</del>是<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">帕爾－克諾而已合成，用用咧 , </del><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">四-二酮佮五氧化二磷 ( P </del><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">二 O 五 ) 反應。另外咧，通過回收吩咐的合成工藝內底</del>，<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">一 , 四</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">二酮佮勞森試劑反應所得著</del>的<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">副產品嘛會當去致著明顯。</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==化學性質==</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">因為其份子中氧原子的一對孤對電子咧共車軌道平面內形成大 Π 鍵，予平共車平內底共六个電子，符合四 n + 二規則，所以鴟鴞有芳芳性（見休克爾規則）。 芳芳性予伊鼻著有「</del>好<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">取代難加成」</del>的<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">性質</del>。<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">氧的另外一對孤對電子向外伸勼。氧原子本身符合 sp 字雜化。</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">因為芳環的存在</del>，<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">喈的化學行為就佮其他袂飽參雜環無啥仝。</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* 芳環</del>中<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">的氧具有予電子效應，所以人講的親電取代反應活性強到苯。共振論對廈門的研究</del>發<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">現喃喃環上的電子云密度較大</del>，<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">支持了親電反應活性的理論。</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* 眠摸會當做 Diels-Alder </del><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">反應中的雙烯體，佮欠電子親雙烯體，比如講 ( E ) ma三</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">硝基丙烯酸乙址，發生一个周環的反應。得著的產物是 Z / E </del><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">異</del>構<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">體</del>的混合物。<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">（參見順反異構佮 E / Z 標記）：</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==參見==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">喀喀叫</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* </ins><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">喀喀叫</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">寢頭的氫化過程中會先產生二氫化趨勢的兩種仝分異構體（包括一 , 四-二氫佮一 , 二-二氫）， 進一步產生四氫寢頭。</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">變旋</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===鑑定===</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">寢頭佮予鹽酸浸過的松木片作用，松木片會顯綠色。</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==參考文獻==</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==外部連結==</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Recent synthetic methods</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==參見==</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* 雜環</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==參考資料==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* 喈糖</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[分類: 待校正]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[分類: 待校正]]</div></td></tr>
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TaiwanTonguesApiRobot
https://wiki.taigi.ima.org.tw/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%80%E5%96%80%E5%8F%AB&diff=421880&oldid=prev
TaiwanTonguesApiRobot：從 JSON 檔案批量匯入
2025-08-22T13:53:42Z
<p>從 JSON 檔案批量匯入</p>
<p><b>新頁面</b></p><div>'''喀喀叫'''（英語：furan）， 化學用名'''氧雜茂'''抑是講一'''倒彈'''（英語：Oxole）， 是一種含有一个由四个碳原子佮一个氧原子的五箍芳環的雜環有機物。有彎曲的化合物即為著稻喃的同系物。喈是一種無色的、可燃、𠢕發液體，君滾點接近佇咧室溫。寢頭有毒性而且為著二 B 類可能致癌的物質。伊定定合成其他複雜有機物的起始原料。歪膏性質佮苯相𫝛，會當由松木蒸餾得著，可以多種定定看著的有機溶劑，包括丙酮、醇、ua-sá-bih，微溶佇水。為濟種重要的工業化學品佮藥物的前驅體，若準定予人做溶劑使用的四氫喃。<br />
<br />
==歷史==<br />
<br />
「 喀喀叫」的英文單詞 _ furan _ 來自拉丁文單詞 _ furfur _，米糠。頭一个予人發現的歪屎生物是卡爾 ・ 威廉 ・ 舍勒佇一七八空年發現的二-糠酸。另外一種重要衍生物糠，由德貝萊納佇一八三一年報導。搤搤講本身是佇一八七空年予德國化學家製備成功。<br />
<br />
==生產==<br />
<br />
工業生產隱痀會當由糠抹佇咧隱仔的催化作用落去摃基甲，抑是佇氯化銅水溶液催化下將一 , 三-丁二烯氧化 :<br />
<br />
<br />
:<br />
<br />
實驗室內底，製取鼻芳會當先共踅頭氧化做寢頭-二-甲酸，著之脫脫。伊嘛會使由戊糖的熱分解得著，原仔包括固體纖維素，尤其是松木。<br />
<br />
寢頭的經典合成線路是 Feist–Bénary 合成。啊若上簡單的合成法之一是帕爾－克諾而已合成，用用咧 , 四-二酮佮五氧化二磷 ( P 二 O 五 ) 反應。另外咧，通過回收吩咐的合成工藝內底，一 , 四-二酮佮勞森試劑反應所得著的副產品嘛會當去致著明顯。<br />
<br />
==化學性質==<br />
<br />
因為其份子中氧原子的一對孤對電子咧共車軌道平面內形成大 Π 鍵，予平共車平內底共六个電子，符合四 n + 二規則，所以鴟鴞有芳芳性（見休克爾規則）。 芳芳性予伊鼻著有「好取代難加成」的性質。氧的另外一對孤對電子向外伸勼。氧原子本身符合 sp 字雜化。<br />
<br />
因為芳環的存在，喈的化學行為就佮其他袂飽參雜環無啥仝。<br />
<br />
* 芳環中的氧具有予電子效應，所以人講的親電取代反應活性強到苯。共振論對廈門的研究發現喃喃環上的電子云密度較大，支持了親電反應活性的理論。<br />
<br />
* 眠摸會當做 Diels-Alder 反應中的雙烯體，佮欠電子親雙烯體，比如講 ( E ) ma三-硝基丙烯酸乙址，發生一个周環的反應。得著的產物是 Z / E 異構體的混合物。（參見順反異構佮 E / Z 標記）：<br />
<br />
<br />
:<br />
<br />
* 寢頭的氫化過程中會先產生二氫化趨勢的兩種仝分異構體（包括一 , 四-二氫佮一 , 二-二氫）， 進一步產生四氫寢頭。<br />
<br />
===鑑定===<br />
<br />
寢頭佮予鹽酸浸過的松木片作用，松木片會顯綠色。<br />
<br />
==參考文獻==<br />
<br />
==外部連結==<br />
<br />
* Recent synthetic methods<br />
<br />
==參見==<br />
<br />
* 雜環<br />
* 喈糖<br />
<br />
[[分類: 待校正]]</div>
TaiwanTonguesApiRobot