石欑屬
外觀
石欑屬(學名:_ Lithocarpus _), 閣稱柯屬,是山毛蜞科內底的一个屬,佇雄性穗型上佮欑屬無仝。《World Checklist》收錄了屬下三百三十四个種,其他文獻建議上無猶閣有另外的一百種。大約有一百種進前予人認為是 _ Pasania _ 屬。雖然一个通用名stone oak已經予人提出,但是所有遮的東亞佮東南亞的品種攏無泛使用的英語俗名。
最近,一个予人叫做tanoak抑是tanbark oak的北美品種予人歸做石欑屬,但最近的基因證據表明這北美品種猶閣有亞洲品種的遺傳關係真遠。是因為大量的證據,Tanbark-oak 去予徙去 _ Notholithocarpus _ 屬。
石欑屬是定定青喬柴,葉互生,全緣抑是有齒。種子佮樹仔的樹仔相𫝛,但是有誠勇的柴料堅果殼。就按呢屬名是由希臘語 _ lithos _(石)+ _ carpos _(種子)組成。某一寡品種的果子會當使用(如日本石柯), 某寡果子核呈苦味,袂使用。
一寡品種是非常媠的觀賞樹種,佇咧公園佮溫帶佮亞熱帶地區的大型花園內底使用。
下屬物種
本屬包括以下的物種:
- 心適柯 _ Lithocarpus amoenus _
- 杏葉 _ Lithocarpus amygdalifolius _
- 向陽柯 _ Lithocarpus apricus _
- 小箱柯 _ Lithocarpus arcaula _
- 檳榔柯 _ Lithocarpus areca _
- 尖葉柯 _ Lithocarpus attenuatus _
- 茸果柯 _ Lithocarpus bacgiangensis _
- 猴面柯 _ Lithocarpus balansae _
- 帽柯 _ Lithocarpus bonnetii _
- 短穗柯 _ Lithocarpus brachystachyus _
- 短尾柯 _ Lithocarpus brevicaudatus _
- 美苞柯 _ Lithocarpus calolepis _
- 美葉柯 _ Lithocarpus calophyllus _
- 紅心柯 _ Lithocarpus carolineae _
- 尾葉柯 _ Lithocarpus caudatilimbus _
- 粵北柯 _ Lithocarpus chifui _
- 瓊中柯 _ Lithocarpus chiungchungensis _
- 金毛柯 _ Lithocarpus chrysocomus _
- 爐灰柯 _ Lithocarpus cinereus _
- 包果柯 _ Lithocarpus cleistocarpus _
- 格林柯 _ Lithocarpus collettii _
- 狹葉仔 _ Lithocarpus confinis _
- 薰吹柯 _ Lithocarpus corneus _
- 白穗柯 _ Lithocarpus craibianus _
- 硬葉柯 _ Lithocarpus crassifolius _
- 閉殼柯 _ Lithocarpus cryptocarpus _
- 風兜柯 _ Lithocarpus cucullatus _
- 魚藍柯 _ Lithocarpus cyrtocarpus _
- 大湖柯 _ Lithocarpus dahuensis _ H . X . Su , Miao Zhang & B . Hua Chen
- 山柯 _ Lithocarpus damiaoshanicus _
- 白柯 _ Lithocarpus dealbatus _
- 柳葉柯 _ Lithocarpus dodonaeifolius _
- 防城柯 _ Lithocarpus ducampii _
- 壺殼柯 _ Lithocarpus echinophorus _
- 刺字柯 _ Lithocarpus echinotholus _
- 胡荏仔葉柯 _ Lithocarpus elaeagnifolius _
- 厚斗柯 _ Lithocarpus elizabethiae _
- 萬寧柯 _ Lithocarpus elmerrillii _
- 枇杷葉柯 _ Lithocarpus eriobotryoides _
- 川柯 _ Lithocarpus fangii _
- 易武柯 _ Lithocarpus farinulentus _
- 泥柯 _ Lithocarpus fenestratus _
- 紅柯 _ Lithocarpus fenzelianus _
- 捲毛柯 _ Lithocarpus floccosus _
- 燉海柯 _ Lithocarpus fohaiensis _
- 密脈柯 _ Lithocarpus fordianus _
- 台灣柯 _ Lithocarpus formosanus _
- 高黎貢柯 _ Lithocarpus gaoligongensis _
- 望樓柯 _ Lithocarpus garrettianus _
- 柯 _ Lithocarpus glaber _
- _ Lithocarpus glaucus _
- 耳葉柯 _ Lithocarpus grandifolius _
- 假魚藍柯 _ Lithocarpus gymnocarpus _
- 掏耳柯 _ Lithocarpus haipinii _
- 𠕇殼柯 _ Lithocarpus hancei _
- 瘤果柯 _ Lithocarpus handelianus _
- 港柯 _ Lithocarpus harlandii _
- 灰柯 _ Lithocarpus henryi _
- 梨仔柯 _ Lithocarpus howii _
- 灰背葉柯 _ Lithocarpus hypoglaucus _
- 廣南柯 _ Lithocarpus irwinii _
- 鼠刺葉柯 _ Lithocarpus iteaphyllus _
- 挺葉柯 _ Lithocarpus ithyphyllus _
- 盈江柯 _ Lithocarpus jenkinsii _
- 齒葉柯 _ Lithocarpus kawakamii _
- 油葉柯 _ Lithocarpus konishii _
- 屏邊柯 _ Lithocarpus laetus _
- 寮國柯 _ Lithocarpus laoticus _
- 鬼石柯 _ Lithocarpus lepidocarpus _
- 白枝柯 _ Lithocarpus leucodermis _
- 滑殼柯 _ Lithocarpus levis _
- 木姜葉柯 _ Lithocarpus litseifolius _
- 誼柯 _ Lithocarpus listeri _
- 龍眼柯 _ Lithocarpus longanoides _
- 柄果柯 _ Lithocarpus longipedicellatus _
- 龍州柯 _ Lithocarpus longzhouicus _
- 芳菌柯 _ Lithocarpus lycoperdon _
- 粉葉柯 _ Lithocarpus macilentus _
- 烏家柯 _ Lithocarpus magneinii _
- 光葉柯 _ Lithocarpus mairei _
- 大葉柯 _ Lithocarpus megalophyllus _
- 瀾滄柯 _ Lithocarpus mekongensis _
- 烏柯 _ Lithocarpus melanochromus _
- 緬寧柯 _ Lithocarpus mianningensis _
- 小果柯 _ Lithocarpus microspermus _
- 水仙柯 _ Lithocarpus naiadarum _
- 南投柯 _ Lithocarpus nantoensis _
- 干焦柯 _ Lithocarpus nitidinux _
- 峨眉柯 _ Lithocarpus oblanceolatus _
- 墨脫柯 _ Lithocarpus obscurus _
- 卵葉柯 _ Lithocarpus obovatilimbus _
- 欖葉柯 _ Lithocarpus oleifolius _
- 大葉苦柯 _ Lithocarpus paihengii _
- 厚鱗柯 _ Lithocarpus pachylepis _
- 厚葉 _ Lithocarpus pachyphyllus _
- 滇南柯 _ Lithocarpus pakhaensis _
- 圓錐柯 _ Lithocarpus paniculatus _
- 石柯 _ Lithocarpus pasania _
- 星毛柯 _ Lithocarpus petelotii _
- 三柄果柯 _ Lithocarpus propinquus _
- 單果柯 _ Lithocarpus pseudoreinwardtii _
- 桂南柯 _ Lithocarpus phansipanensis _
- 濟穗柯 _ Lithocarpus polystachyus _
- 毛果柯 _ Lithocarpus pseudovestitus _
- 假西藏柯 _ Lithocarpus pseudoxizangensis _
- 欽州柯 _ Lithocarpus qinzhouicus _
- 欑葉柯 _ Lithocarpus quercifolius _
- 毛枝柯 _ Lithocarpus rhabdostachyus _
- 南川柯 _ Lithocarpus rosthornii _
- 浸水營柯 _ Lithocarpus shinsuiensis _
- 犁耙柯 _ Lithocarpus silvicolarum _
- 遛皮柯 _ Lithocarpus skanianus _
- 球殼柯 _ Lithocarpus sphaerocarpus _
- 平頭柯 _ Lithocarpus tabularis _
- 菱果柯 _ Lithocarpus taitoensis _
- 石屏柯 _ Lithocarpus talangensis _
- 薄葉柯 _ Lithocarpus tenuilimbus _
- 灰殼柯 _ Lithocarpus tephrocarpus _
- ma西柯 _ Lithocarpus thomsonii _
- 糙果柯 _ Lithocarpus trachycarpus _
- 亂子柯 _ Lithocarpus triqueter _
- 截果柯 _ Lithocarpus truncatus _
- 壺喙柯 _ Lithocarpus tubulosus _
- 紫玉盤柯 _ Lithocarpus uvariifolius _
- 麻仔殼柯 _ Lithocarpus variolosus _
- 西藏柯 _ Lithocarpus xizangensis _
- 木果柯 _ Lithocarpus xylocarpus _
- 陽春柯 _ Lithocarpus yangchunensis _
- 永福柯 _ Lithocarpus yongfuensis _
參考文獻
外部連結
- 佇咧 World Checklist 的搜索框內底檢索 _ Lithocarpus _ 會當揣著屬下所有的品種佮其他的名。
- Flora of China Online 來講著一百二十三个中國的品種。